Robert Kramer, born in New York City, is a widely published scholar, critic, playwright, poet, and translator of European literature. He has received six awards from the National Endowment for the Humanities, and has been a Fulbright Scholar for a year of research in Munich, Germany, and a Swiss Government Scholar for a year in Bern, Switzerland. He has been a guest professor at various colleges, such as the University of Connecticut, Syracuse University, and Haverford College, and has lectured at such institutions as the Smithsonian, the Whitney Museum of American Art, and the Art Therapist Association. He has given readings of his poetry and translations on radio and television on both coasts, and at such colleges as New York University, The University of California, and Harvard University.